The canine larynx, or voice box, opens to bring air into the wind pipe and closes when swallowing to prevent food or water from entering the airway. Laryngeal paralysis occurs due to a degeneration of the nerve which controls the larynx, resulting in the airway narrowing as the larynx cannot open all the way.
What causes laryngeal paralysis?
Geriatric onset laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy (GOLPP)
This is the most common cause of laryngeal paralysis and it is the result of an age-related degeneration of nerves and muscles including the hind legs, oesophagus and larynx. It is most common in larger breeds of dogs, particularly Labradors.
Congenital laryngeal paralysis
Some dogs are born with laryngeal paralysis, symptoms can occur as early as 3 months of age. The breeds most disposed to congenital laryngeal paralysis are Siberian huskies, rottweilers, bull terriers and Dalmatians.
Other causes
Paralysis of the larynx can also occur as a result of trauma to the neck, certain tumours, and secondary to hormonal diseases such as Cushing’s and hypothyroidism.
What are the symptoms of laryngeal paralysis?
Symptoms of laryngeal paralysis may be quite mild at first and may be attributed to ‘old age’ rather than a medical condition. Some dogs may not show any symptoms at rest but may develop life threatening respiratory distress after intense exercise or in hot temperatures.
- Noisy, raspy breathing
- Coughing
- Gagging
- Weight loss
- Change in bark
- Difficulty breathing
- Exercise intolerance
How is laryngeal paralysis diagnosed?
If laryngeal paralysis is suspected, your vet will perform a full clinical exam, and may suggest further diagnostic testing including blood tests, ultrasound, radiographs and endoscopy to confirm the diagnosis.
How is laryngeal paralysis treated?
Cases of laryngeal paralysis with mild symptoms can be conservatively managed with exercise and stress reduction, diet management and greater care during hot weather. A harness rather than a neck collar would also be recommended.
In more severe cases, surgery called a laryngeal tieback may be considered, which involves permanently fixing one of the vocal cords into an open position. This increases the size of the airway, avoiding extreme respiratory distress and improving quality of life. Laryngeal tieback surgery is a complex surgery and is performed at specialist referral centres. After surgery, dogs may be at increased risk for aspiration pneumonia as their larynx remains more open when eating or drinking.
Call us on 01435 864422 if you are worried your dog may be showing signs of laryngeal paralysis.
