Eosinophilic granuloma complex is a group of severe inflammatory skin problems in cats, most commonly caused by allergies, such as food allergies, flea allergies or environmental allergies (eg. pollen, mould or dust mites).
The three forms of eosinophilic granuloma complex
Eosinophilic ulcer
Also known as “indolent ulcers” or “rodent ulcers”, these are usually found on the upper lip and appear as distinct ulcers with a raised edge. Ulcers can vary in size, if they grow large, the lip can swell in size. Without treatment, these ulcers can severely damage the lip. Even after treatment, there may be permanent skin damage.
Eosinophilic plaque
These can occur anywhere on the body but are most common on the belly, inner thigh, throat and anal region. They appear as thickened, raw, red swellings, often accompanied with hair loss and ulceration. These lesions can be extremely itchy and uncomfortable.
Eosinophilic granuloma
Found commonly on the tongue, palette, hind legs and foot pads, these lesions appear as thin, long patches of thickened skin. They may become ulcerated, especially on the foot pads where cats are forced to walk on them.
How is eosinophilic granuloma complex diagnosed?
Your vet will take a thorough history from you and give your cat a full examination. They may need to perform diagnostic tests such as skin scrapes or cytology to rule out other potential causes and confirm a diagnosis.
How is eosinophilic granuloma complex treated?
The first step is to try to identify and treat the underlying allergy. For example, if your cat has a flea allergy the vet may recommend robust parasite control for both your cat and their environment. You may need to conduct a food elimination trial or switch to hypoallergenic food. It can take time to narrow down the specific allergen causing the eosinophilic response, and in some cases it may be difficult to fully control the allergen (such as dust mites or pollen). Long term steroids may be required to control symptoms and your vet may also prescribe antibiotics to treat any secondary bacterial infection.
What is the prognosis for cats with eosinophilic granuloma complex?
Like most skin conditions, eosinophilic granuloma complex can be challenging to manage, particularly if the specific allergic cause cannot be found. In most cases, cats respond well to treatment but may need to return for regular vet visits to treat flare-ups.
Call us on 01435 864422 if you are worried your cat may be showing signs of eosinophilic granuloma complex.
