Adders (Vipera berus) are the UK’s only venomous snake. Despite their reputation, they are shy little reptiles that like to hide away when approached. Most bites occur when they are accidentally disturbed or stepped on.
What does an adder look like?
Male adders are a silver-grey, whilst the females are a more copper-brown tone. Both have the distinct black zig-zag marking down their backs and a V or X shaped marking on the back of the head. A less common melanistic (all-black) variant also exists, which is all black, often with red eyes. Fully grown, they can reach around 60-80cm.
Where do adders live?
Adders are commonly found at the edge of woodland, moorland, heathland, sand dunes and on rocky hillsides. They are found throughout the UK and are common in East Sussex thanks to our wonderful countryside and coastline.
When are adders most active?
Adders hibernate from October to March, they begin to emerge in spring and spend their mornings basking in sunny patches. They are sensitive to vibrations and will retreat at the approach of footsteps.
How dangerous are they to pets?
Adders may bite if disturbed or stepped on by a curious dog. Their venom is intended to kill small mammals like mice and voles, bites can be incredibly painful for humans and may be fatal to dogs or cats.
What are the signs of an adder bite?
Bites are most likely to occur on your pet’s feet and face and can appear as a dark coloured wound, in some cases you may see two small puncture marks. You may also see rapid swelling in the area and bruising. Other less obvious symptoms can include:
- Lameness
- Vomiting
- Pale gums
- Dehydration
- Depression and lethargy
- Collapse
What to do if you pet is bitten
- Keep your cool, your pet needs to be as calm as possible.
- Call your vet and let them know you are on your way.
- Carry your pet if possible to keep their heart rate low.
- Bathe the wound in cold water to soothe pain.
- Do not tourniquet the wound.
- Do not approach the snake.
- Warn others of the danger if you can.
How to avoid an adder bite
If you are heading into an area where adders may be, keep your dog on a lead. Avoid long grass and rocky areas and stick to the pathways.
Some interesting adder facts
- Adders are a protected species, it is illegal to harm them.
- They give birth to live young! About 20 or so in late summer.
- They live for around 8-10 years.
- If you do spot an adder, you can record your sighting at The Record Pool which collects data on the UK’s amphibians and reptiles.
Call us on 01435 864422 if you are worried your pet may have been bitten by an adder.
